The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) and the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) were employed to assess personality differences and changes among 20 chronic alcoholics and 10 nonalcoholic controls prior to and after either traditional medical treatment (MT) or alpha-theta brainwave (ATB) training of the alcoholics. EEG ATB treatment was accompanied by significant decreases in MCMI scales labeled schizoid, avoidant, passive-aggression, schizotypal, borderline, paranoid, anxiety, somatoform, dysthymia, alcohol abuse, psychotic thinking, psychotic depression, and psychotic delusion. Alcoholics receiving TMT showed significant decreases only in 2 MCMI scales, avoidant and psychotic thinking, and an increase in 1 scale, compulsive. On the 16PF, EEG ATB treatment corresponded to significant increase in warmth, abstract-thinking, stability, conscientiousness, boldness, imaginativeness, and self-control. Alcoholics receiving TMT showed only a significant increase in concrete-thinking. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)